Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) |
12 Months Ended | ||||||||
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Dec. 31, 2016 | |||||||||
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||
| Principles of Consolidation |
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its Subsidiary. All significant inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. References herein to the Company include the Company and its Subsidiary, unless the context otherwise requires. |
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| Cash |
Cash
The Company considers all unrestricted cash, short-term deposits, and other investments with original maturities of no more than ninety days when acquired to be cash and cash equivalents for the purposes of the statement of cash flows. The Company maintains cash balances at two financial institutions, and has experienced no losses with respect to amounts on deposit. |
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| Revenue Recognition |
Revenue Recognition
Revenue from the Company’s waste-to-power operations is recognized at the date of shipment of engines and systems, engine prototypes, engine designs or other deliverables to customers when a formal arrangement exists, the price is fixed or determinable, the delivery or milestone deliverable is completed, no other significant obligations of the Company exist and collectability is reasonably assured. Payments received before all of the relevant criteria for revenue recognition are satisfied are recorded as deferred revenue. The Company will not allow its customers to return prototype products.
For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized revenue $40,000 related to the first achieved milestone and delivery under a technology sales agreement. The Company also received an additional $50,000 upon signing of that agreement, which is accounted for as deferred revenue that will be recognized upon contract completion. In 2015, the Company recognized revenue of $20,000 related to two engineering services agreements with one customer. |
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| Research and Development |
Research and Development
Research and development activities for product development are expensed as incurred and are primarily comprised of salaries. Costs for years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $352,583 and $1,423,769, respectively. |
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| Stock Based Compensation |
Stock Based Compensation
The Company applies the fair value method of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718, “Share Based Payment”, in accounting for its stock based compensation. This standard states that compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized over the service period, which is usually the vesting period. The Company values stock based compensation at the market price for the Company’s common stock and other pertinent factors at the grant date.
The Company accounts for transactions in which services are received from non-employees in exchange for equity instruments based on the fair value of the equity instruments exchanged, in accordance with ASC 505-50, “Equity Based payments to Non-employees”. The Company measures the fair value of the equity instruments issued based on the market price of the Company’s stock at the time services or goods are provided. |
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| Common Stock Options |
Common Stock Options
The Black-Scholes option pricing valuation method is used to determine fair value of these options consistent with ASC 718, “Share Based Payment”. Use of this method requires that the Company make assumptions regarding stock volatility, dividend yields, expected term of the awards and risk-free interest rates. |
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| Derivatives |
Derivatives
Derivatives are recognized initially at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes are therein generally recognized in profit or loss. |
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| Software, Property and Equipment |
Software, Property and Equipment
Software, property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed on the straight-line method, based on the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. |
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| Impairment of Long Lived Assets |
Impairment of Long Lived Assets
The Company continually evaluates the carrying value of intangible assets and other long lived assets to determine whether there are any impairment losses. If indicators of impairment are present and future cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the assets’ carrying amount, an impairment loss would be charged to expense in the period identified. To date, the Company has not recognized any impairment charges. |
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| Income Taxes |
Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method as stipulated by FASB ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Under ASC 740, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities or a change in tax rate is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced to estimated amounts to be realized by the use of a valuation allowance. A valuation allowance is applied when in management’s view it is more likely than not (50%) that such deferred tax will not be utilized.
In the event that an uncertain tax position exists in which the Company could incur income taxes, the Company would evaluate whether there is a probability that the uncertain tax position taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities. Reserves for uncertain tax positions would be recorded if the Company determined it is probable that a position would not be sustained upon examination or if payment would have to be made to a taxing authority and the amount is reasonably estimated. As of December 31, 2016, the Company does not believe it has any uncertain tax positions that would result in the Company having a liability to the taxing authorities. Interest and penalties related to the unrecognized tax benefits is recognized in the consolidated financial statements as a component of income taxes. |
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| Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share |
Basic and Diluted Loss Per Share
Net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss less preferred dividends by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by dividing the net loss less preferred dividends by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus any potentially dilutive shares related to the issuance of stock options, shares from the issuance of stock warrants, shares issued from the conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock and shares issued from the conversion of convertible debt. There were no dilutive shares as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.
At December 31, 2016, there were the following potentially dilutive securities that were excluded from diluted net loss per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive: 6,115,480 shares from common stock options, 1,568,845 shares from common stock warrants, 785,714 shares from the conversion of debentures, 126,923 shares from the conversion of notes payable, 413,719 shares from the conversion of notes payable – related parties and 2,857,142 shares from the conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock. At December 31, 2015, there were the following potentially dilutive securities that were excluded from diluted net loss per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive: 1,745,480 shares from common stock options, 1,376,538 shares from common stock warrants, 2,075,000 shares from the conversion of debentures and 2,380,952 shares from the conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock. Subsequent to December 31, 2016, the Company completed a convertible debt offering which resulted in an additional amount of potentially dilutive shares upon the conversion of these securities (see Note 13 – Subsequent Events). |
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| Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”), No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, to replace the existing revenue recognition criteria for contracts with customers and to establish the disclosure requirements for revenue from contracts with customers. The ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Adoption of the ASU is either retrospective to each prior period presented or retrospective with a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings or accumulated deficit as of the adoption date. The Company is currently assessing the future impact of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements; however, in light of the material changes in the Company’s business model which have occurred after December 31, 2016, the Company expects to do further review in the second quarter of 2017.
In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern”, to provide guidance within GAAP requiring management to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and requiring related disclosures. The ASU is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016. The Company adopted this ASU effective December 31, 2016. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, “Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Assets”, requiring management to provide a classification of all deferred taxes as noncurrent assets or noncurrent liabilities. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company does not anticipate this ASU will have a material impact to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”, requiring management to address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the ASU on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842) (the Update)”, requiring management to recognize any right-to-use-asset and lease liability on the statement of financial position for those leases previously classified as operating leases. The criteria used to determine such classification is essentially the same as under the previous guidance, but it is more subjective. The lessee would classify the lease as a finance lease if certain criteria at lease commencement are met. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the ASU on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-06, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Contingent Put and Call Options in Debt Instruments (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force)”, which applies to all entities that are issuers of or investors in debt instruments (or hybrid financial instruments that are determined to have a debt host) with embedded call (put) options, and requires that embedded derivatives be separated from the host contract and accounted for separately as derivatives if certain criteria are met. One criterion is that the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivatives are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract. This ASU is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the ASU on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which amends ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.” The ASU includes provisions intended to simplify various aspects related to how share-based payments are accounted for and presented in the financial statements, including the income tax effects of share-based payments and accounting for forfeitures. This ASU is effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the ASU on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This standard amends and adjusts how cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years and will require adoption on a retrospective basis unless impractical. If impractical the Company would be required to apply the amendments prospectively as of the earliest date possible. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-15 will have on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows. |
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| Concentration of Risk |
Concentration of Risk
The Company does not have any off-balance sheet concentrations of credit risk. The Company expects cash and accounts receivable to be the two assets most likely to subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk. The Company’s policy is to maintain its cash with high credit quality financial institutions to limit its risk of loss exposure.
The Company historically purchased much of its machined parts through Precision CNC, a related party company that sub-let office space to Q2P through June 27, 2016 and owns a non-controlling interest in the Company. See Note 6. |