NOTE 10 – INCOME TAXES

A reconciliation of the differences between the effective income tax rates and the statutory federal tax rates for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 (computed by applying the U.S. Federal corporate tax rate of 21 percent to the loss before taxes) is as follows:

The tax effect of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of the following:

On December 22, 2017, the United States signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”), a tax reform bill which, among other items, reduces the current federal income tax rate to 21% from 34%. The rate reduction is effective January 1, 2018, and is permanent.

At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had net deferred tax assets of $2,362,052 and $1,924,010 principally arising from net operating loss carry-forwards for income tax purposes (“NOLs”). As management of the Company cannot determine that it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the benefit of the net deferred tax asset, a valuation allowance equal to the net deferred tax asset has been established at December 31, 2019 and 2018. At December 31, 2019, the Company has net operating loss carry forwards totaling approximately $8,795,000. The potential tax benefit arising from the NOLs of approximately $5,474,000 from the period prior to the Act’s effective date will begin to expire in 2034. The potential tax benefit arising from the net operating loss carryforward of approximately $3,321,000 generated from the period following the Act’s effective date can be carried forward indefinitely within the annual usage limitations. The Company is delinquent in filing its federal tax returns for several of the previous year periods since inception. Therefore, all tax years since the Company’s inception remain open for examination. Management has retained a tax professional to assist in bringing these filings current.

The Company’s NOL and tax credit carryovers may be significantly limited under the Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”). NOL and tax credit carryovers are limited under Section 382 when there is a significant “ownership change” as defined in the IRC. During the year ended December 31, 2019 and in prior years, the Company may have experienced such ownership changes, which could impose such limitations.

The limitations imposed by the IRC would place an annual limitation on the amount of NOL and tax credit carryovers that can be utilized. When the Company completes the necessary studies, the amount of NOL carryovers available may be reduced significantly. However, since the valuation allowance fully reserves for all available carryovers, the effect of the reduction would be offset by a reduction in the valuation allowance.